Title: What are computer networks and how do they work?
Course: Appdate yourself 4t ESO (in English) - Curs 2017/18 > Section: Topic 8 Networks

Description of networks

What is a computer network?

For many years, computers were independent machines, working on their own and only able to transfer data to other computers via floppy disks, disquettes or other physical hardware.

Prior to this, tapes and punch cards were used but were discontinued at some point in the 80's.

If computers found themselves near eachother, the transfer of data was relatively easy, however, if the computers were far away from eachother, the process was greatly complicated and the results received were slow-coming.

Communication amongst computers began as a technical necessity in the process of implementation and expansion. One of the first solutions to communicate distant computers was through the use of acoustic modems, using the same mobile voice that was used for verbal communication and the telephone line.

Acoustic modem, source Wikipedia

In order for computers to be able to dialogue, they had to share the same language or communication protocol. These rules were necessary in order to exchange data within or between computers.

As the need for managing the increasing volume of data grew, new services and infrastructure were needed in order to be able to communicate within and between computers. For this reason the technology of connecting computers through a network was created.

Computer network, source Wikipedia.

The connection of computers through a network not only allows you to exchange data, but also allows other important functions such as the sharing of resources. Amongst the many functions that can be found in a network, the following are some of the most useful: instant messaging, e-mail services, synchronized communication on a data base or document, centralized installation of software programs, etc... With regards to sharing resources, the following is included: printers, scanners, hard drive, internet access, etc...

To conclude:

Networks allow you to:

- exchange resources (files, internet connection, applications,...)

- communicate with other people (instant messaging, e-mail, chats,..)

- have access to data bases and centralized information.

 In order for computer networks to work properly, two basic elements are needed:

      - A physical connection for the transmission of data

      - Protocols and a network operating system for the management of communication